اگر آپ بھی حج یا عمرہ ادا کرنا چاہتے ہیں تو نیچے دیے گے تمام اسباق غور سے پرھلیں
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The Hajj : Hajj . Complete Tutorials 2020
The literal meaning of the word Hajj is heading to a place for the sake of visiting. In Islamic terminology, Hajj is a pilgrimage made to Kaaba, the "House of God", in the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The rites of Hajj are performed over five or six days, beginning on the eighth and ending on the thirteenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic calendar.
[It is one of the
five pillars of Islam, alongside
Shahadah,
Salah,
Zakat and
Sawm. The Hajj is the second largest annual gathering of Muslims in the world, after the
Arba'een Pilgrimage in
Karbala,
Iraq.The state of being physically and financially capable of performing the Hajj is called
istita'ah, and a Muslim who fulfils this condition is called a
mustati. The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people, and their submission to
God (
Allah).
[The word Hajj means "to attend a journey", which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions.
The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th (or in some cases 13th of
Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the
Islamic calendar. Because the Islamic calendar is
lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the
Gregorian year, the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year.
Ihram is the name given to the special spiritual state in which pilgrims wear two white sheets of seamless cloth and abstain from certain actions.
The Hajj (sometimes spelt Hadj, Hadji or Haj also in English) is associated with the life of
Islamic prophet Muhammad from the 7th century, but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of
Abraham. During Hajj, pilgrims join processions of hundreds of thousands of people, who simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj, and perform a series of rituals: each person walks counter-clockwise seven times around the
Kaaba (the cube-shaped building and the
direction of prayer for the Muslims), runs back and forth between the hills of
Safa and Marwah, drinks from the
Zamzam Well, goes to the plains of
Mount Arafat to stand in vigil, spends a night in the plain of
Muzdalifa, and performs symbolic
stoning of the devil by throwing stones at three pillars. After the sacrifice of their animal, the Pilgrims then are required to shave their head. Then they celebrate the three-day global festival of
Eid al-Adha.
Pilgrims can also go to Mecca to perform the rituals at other times of the year. This is sometimes called the "lesser pilgrimage", or
'Umrah (
Arabic:
عُمرَة).However, even if they choose to perform the Umrah, they are still obligated to perform the Hajj at some other point in their lifetime if they have the means to do so, because Umrah is not a substitute for Hajj.
Etymology:
The word in Arabic: حج , which means "holiday", from the triliteral Semitic root The meaning of the verb is "to circle, to go around".Judaism uses circumambulation in the Hakafot ritual during Hoshanah Rabbah at the end of the Festival of Sukkot and on Simchat Torah; traditionally, Jewish brides circumambulate their grooms during the wedding ceremony under the chuppah. From this custom, the root was borrowed for the familiar meaning of holiday, celebration and festivity. In the Temple, every festival would bring a sacrificial feast. Similarly in Islam, the person who commits the Hajj to Mecca has to turn around the Kaaba and to offer sacrifices. Her Life
History
The present pattern of Hajj was established by Muhammad. However, according to the Quran, elements of Hajj trace back to the time of Abraham. According to Islamic tradition, Abraham was ordered by God to leave his wife Hajara and his son Ishmael alone in the desert of ancient Mecca. In search of water, Hajara desperately ran seven times between the two hills of Safa and Marwah but found none. Returning in despair to Ishmael, she saw the baby scratching the ground with his leg and a water fountain sprang forth underneath his foot.Later, Abraham was commanded to build the Kaaba (which he did with the help of Ishmael) and to invite people to perform pilgrimage there.The Quran refers to these incidents in verses It is said that the archangel Gabriel brought the Black Stone from Heaven to be attached to the Kaaba.
In pre-Islamic Arabia, a time known as
jahiliyyah, the Kaaba became surrounded by
pagan idols.
[ In 630 CE, Muhammad led his followers from
Medina to Mecca, cleansed the Kaaba by destroying all the pagan idols, and then reconsecrated the building to Allah., Muhammad performed his only and last pilgrimage with a large number of followers, and instructed them on the rites of Hajj.It was from this point that Hajj became one of the five pillars of Islam.
During the medieval times, pilgrims would gather in big cities of Syria, Egypt, and Iraq to go to Mecca in groups and caravans comprising tens of thousands of pilgrims, often under state patronage. Hajj caravans, particularly with the advent of the
Mamluk Sultanate and its successor, the
Ottoman Empire, were escorted by a military force accompanied by physicians under the command of an
amir al-hajj.This was done in order to protect the caravan from
Bedouin robbers or natural hazards,
] and to ensure that the pilgrims were supplied with the necessary provisions.Muslim travelers like
Ibn Jubayr and
Ibn Battuta have recorded detailed accounts of Hajj-travels of medieval time.The caravans followed well-established routes called in Arabic
darb al-hajj, lit. "pilgrimage road", which usually followed ancient routes such as the
King's Highway.
Timing of Hajj[edit]
The date of Hajj is determined by the
Islamic calendar (known as Hijri calendar or AH), which is based on the
lunar year.
[35][36] Every year, the events of Hajj take place in a five-day period, starting on 8 and ending on 12
Dhu al-Hijjah, the twelfth and last month of the Islamic calendar. Among these five days, the 9th Dhul-Hijjah is known as
Day of Arafah, and this day is called the day of Hajj. Because the Islamic calendar is
lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year, the Gregorian date for Hajj changes from year to year. Thus, each year in the Gregorian calendar, the pilgrimage starts eleven days (sometimes ten days) earlier than the preceding year.
[36][37] This makes it possible for the Hajj season to fall twice in one Gregorian year, and it does so every 33 years. The last time this phenomenon occurred was 2006.
[38]
The table below shows the Gregorian dates of Hajj of recent years (the dates correspond to 9 Dhul-Hijjah of Hijri calendar):
| AH | Gregorian date |
|---|
| 1432 | 2011, 5 November[39] |
| 1433 | 2012, 25 October |
| 1434 | 2013, 14 October[40][41] |
| 1435 | 2014, 3 October[42] |
| 1436 | 2015, 23 September[43] |
| 1437 | 2016, 11 September[44][45] |
| 1438 | 2017, 31 August[46] |
| 1439 | 2018, 20 August[47] |
| 1440 | 2019, 10 August[47] |
| 1441 | 2020, 30 July[47] |
| 1442 | 2021, 19 July[47] |
| 1443 | 2022, 8 July[47] |
Ihram
When the pilgrims reach the appropriate
Miqat (depending on where they're coming from), they enter into a state of holiness – known as
Ihram – that consists of wearing two white seamless cloths for the male, with the one wrapped around the waist reaching below the knee and the other draped over the left shoulder and tied at the right side; wearing ordinary dress for the female that fulfills the
Islamic condition of public dress with hands and face uncovered; taking ablution; declaring the intention (niyah) to perform pilgrimage and to refraining from certain activities such as clipping the nails, shaving any part of the body, having sexual relations; using perfumes, damaging plants, killing animals, covering head (for men) or the face and hands (for women); getting married; or carrying weapons. The ihram is meant to show equality of all pilgrims in front of
God: there is no difference between the rich and the poor.
Donning such unsewn white garments entirely distances man from material ostentation and engrosses him in a world of purity and spirituality. Clothes show individuality and distinction. They create superficial barriers that separate man from man. The garments of Ihram, however, are the antithesis of that individualism. You join a mass and become nothing but a drop of water in an ocean that has no special identity of its own. Ihram clothing is also a reminder of shrouds which every human has to wear after death. This helps you assume your original shape as a man, just one of the "descendants of Adam" who will die one day.
First day of Hajj: 8th Dhu al-Hijjah
On the 8th Dhu al-Hijjah, the pilgrims are reminded of their duties. They again don the ihram garments and confirm their intention to make the pilgrimage. The prohibitions of ihram start now.
Tawaf and sa'ay
Direction of the
Tawaf around the Kaaba
The ritual of
Tawaf involves walking seven times counterclockwise around the KaabaUpon arriving at
Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (
Arabic:
المَسجِد الحَرَام, The Sacred
Mosque), pilgrims perform an arrival
tawaf either as part of
Umrah or as a welcome tawaf. During tawaf, pilgrims also include Hateem – an area at the north side of the Kaaba – inside their path. Each circuit starts with the kissing or touching of the Black Stone (Hajar al- Aswad).If kissing the stone is not possible because of the crowds, they may simply point towards the stone with their hand on each circuit. Eating is not permitted but the drinking of water is allowed, because of the risk of dehydration. Men are encouraged to perform the first three circuits at a hurried pace, known as
Ramal, and the following four at a more leisurely pace.
[
The completion of
Tawaf is followed by two
Rakaat prayers at the
Place of Abraham (Muqam Ibrahim), a site near the Kaaba inside the mosque. However, again because of large crowds during the days of Hajj, they may instead pray anywhere in the mosque. After prayer, pilgrims also drink water from the Zamzam well, which is made available in coolers throughout the Mosque.
Although the circuits around the Kaaba are traditionally done on the ground level, Tawaf is now also performed on the first floor and roof of the mosque because of the large crowds.
This rite is actually the manifestation of Tawhid, the Oneness of God. The heart and soul of the pilgrim should move around Kaaba, the symbol of the House of Allah, in a way that no worldly attraction distracts him from this path. Only Tawhid should attract him. Tawaf also represents Muslims’ unity. During Tawaf, everyone encircles Kaaba collectively
Tawaf is followed by
sa'ay, running or walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah, located near the KaabaPreviously in open air, the place is now entirely enclosed by the Sacred Mosque, and can be accessed via air-conditioned tunnels. Pilgrims are advised to walk the circuit, though two green pillars mark a short section of the path where they run. There is also an internal "express lane" for the disabled. After sayee, the male pilgrims shave their heads and women generally clip a portion of their hair, which completes the
Umrah.
MINAH:
After the
morning prayer on the 8th of Dhu al-Hijjah, the pilgrims proceed to
Mina where they spend the whole day and offer
noon,
afternoon,
evening, and
night prayers. The next morning after morning prayer, they leave Mina to go to Arafat.
Second day: 9th Dhu al-Hijjah
The 9th Dhul-Hijjah is known as
Day of Arafah, and this day is called the Day of Hajj.
Arfaat:
DAY OF ARFAT
On 9th Dhu al-Hijjah before noon, pilgrims arrive at
Arafat, a barren and plain land some 20 kilometers east of Mecca, where they stand in contemplative vigil: they offer supplications, repent on and atone for their past sins, and seek mercy of
God, and listen to sermon from the
Islamic scholars who deliver it from near Jabal al-Rahmah (The Mount of Mercy) from where Muhammad is said to have delivered
his last sermon. Lasting from noon through sunset, this is known as 'standing before God' (wuquf), one of the most significant rites of Hajj.
[At Masjid al-Namirah, pilgrims offer
noon and
afternoon prayers together at noon time
] A pilgrim's Hajj is considered invalid if they do not spend the afternoon on Arafat.
Muzdalifah
Pilgrims must leave Arafat for
Muzdalifah after sunset without praying
maghrib (sunset) prayer at Arafat.
[Muzdalifah is an area between Arafat and Mina. Upon reaching there, pilgrims perform Maghrib and Isha prayer jointly, spend the night praying and sleeping on the ground with open sky, and gather pebbles for the next day's ritual of the stoning of the
Devil (
Shaitan).
Third day: 10th Dhu al-Hijjah
After returning from Muzdalifah, the Pilgrims spend the night at Mina.
Ramy al-Jamarat
Back at Mina, the pilgrims perform symbolic
stoning of the devil (Ramy al-Jamarat) by throwing seven stones from sunrise to sunset at only the largest of the three pillars, known as Jamrat al-Aqabah. The remaining two pillars (jamarah) are not stoned on this day.These pillars are said to represent Satan. Pilgrims climb ramps to the multi-levelled
Jamaraat Bridge, from which they can throw their pebbles at the jamarat. Because of safety reasons, in 2004 the pillars were replaced by long walls, with catch basins below to collect the pebbles.
Hair removal
After sacrificing an animal, another important rite of Hajj is shaving head or trimming hair (known as Halak). All male pilgrims shave their head or trim their hair on the day of
Eid al Adha and women pilgrims cut the tips of their hair.
Tawaf Ziyarat
Pilgrims performing Tawaf around the Kaaba
On the same or the following day, the pilgrims re-visit the Sacred Mosque in Mecca for another tawaf, known as Tawaf al-Ifadah, an essential part of Hajj. It symbolizes being in a hurry to respond to God and show love for Him, an obligatory part of the Hajj. The night of the 10th is spent back at Mina.
Fourth day: 11th Dhu al-Hijjah
Starting from noon to sunset on the 11 Dhu al-Hijjah (and again the following day), the pilgrims again throw seven pebbles at each of the three pillars in Mina. This is commonly known as the "Stoning of the Devil".
Fifth day: 12th Dhu al-Hijjah
On 12 Dhu al-Hijjah, the same process of stoning of the pillars as of 11 Dhu al-Hijjah takes place. Pilgrims may leave Mina for Mecca before sunset on the 12th.
Last day at Mina: 13th Dhu al-Hijjah
If unable to leave on the 12th before sunset or opt to stay at free will, they must perform the stoning ritual again on the 13th before returning to Mecca.
[
Tawaf al-Wadaa
Finally, before leaving Mecca, pilgrims perform a farewell tawaf called the Tawaf al-Wadaa. 'Wadaa' means 'to bid farewell'. The pilgrims circle the Kaaba seven times counter-clockwise, and if they can, attempt to touch or kiss the Kaaba.
[
Journey to Medina
Animal sacrifice
After the casting of stones, animals are slaughtered to commemorate the story of Ibrahim and Ismael. Traditionally the pilgrims slaughtered the animal themselves, or oversaw the slaughtering. Today many pilgrims buy a sacrifice voucher in Mecca before the greater Hajj begins, which allows an animal to be slaughtered in the name of God (Allah) on the 10th, without the pilgrim being physically present. Modern abattoirs complete the processing of the meat, which is then sent as charity to poor people around the world.At the same time as the sacrifices occur at Mecca, Muslims worldwide perform similar sacrifices, in a three-day global festival called Eid al-Adha.
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